Nusantara federation

The Nusantara (Malay: Nusantara, IPA: [ˈnusəntɔrə]), officially known as the Nusantara Federation (Malay: Persekutuan Nusantara, IPA: []), also known as the Federation of the Nusantara is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. Nusantara shares border with Thailand to the north and Vietnam to the northeast, and Australia to the west; The southernmost point of the continent Eurasia. Nusantara is one of the 17 countries with many endemic species

History
Centuries before Europeans arrived, the Malay  archipelago has  various states, including commercially oriented coastal trading states and inland agrarian states.notably, Srivijaya Empire, Majapahit Empire,Pasai Sultanate and Malacca Sultanate, The first Europeans to arrive were the Portuguese in 1511 and Spanish in 1512 .in the years 1626 after Aceh under Iskandar Muda manage capture Malacca from Portuguese,  Later Aceh  it's Vassals, Brunei,allied visayans, Maguindanao and Ternate form an anti Spanish  alliance and invaded Spanish East Indies despite of this Spanish managed hold the attack but lost part of its colony in East Indies, Brunei manage gain Mindoro and Sulu gain Zamboanga ,Maguindanao Central Visaya and Eastern Visaya given to Sultanate of Mindanao while remaining of Spanish East Indies under Spanish rule until The British came take over of its colony aftermath Napoleonic war.Following disruption of Dutch access to spices in Europe,the first Dutch expedition set sail for the East Indies in 1595 to access spices directly from Asia. When it made a 400% profit on its return, other Dutch expeditions soon followed. Recognising the potential of the East Indies trade, the Dutch government amalgamated the competing companies into the United East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC).The VOC was granted a charter to wage war, build fortresses, and make treaties across Asia.A capital was established in Batavia (now Jakarta), which became the center of the VOC's Asian trading network. To their original monopolies on nutmeg, peppers, cloves and cinnamon, the company and later colonial administrations introduced non-indigenous cash crops like coffee, tea, cacao, tobacco, rubber, sugar and opium, and safeguarded their commercial interests by taking over surrounding territory. Smuggling, the ongoing expense of war, corruption, and mismanagement led to bankruptcy by the end of the 18th century. The company was formally dissolved in 1800 and its colonial possessions in the Malay archipelago (including much of Java, parts of Sumatra, much of Maluku, and the hinterlands of ports such as Makasar, Manado, and Kupang) were nationalized under the Dutch Republic as the Dutch East Indies.

British era
Before the late 19th century, the British largely practised a non-interventionist policy. Several factors such as the fluctuating supply of raw materials, and security, convinced the British to play a more active role in the Malay states.From the 17th to the early 19th century, few part of Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera and large part of Jawa was a Dutch possession. During the Napoleonic Wars, between 1811 and 1815, Malacca, like other Dutch holdings in Southeast Asia, was under the British. This was to prevent the French from controlling the former Dutch possessions in southeast Asia and Spanish East Indies.in Aftermath of Napoleonic war UK takes control of the Dutch East Indies and Spanish East Indies and,those marking beginning of British colonial era in East Indies The large population of lower class worker in it new Colony greatly increase the population and wealth of the Colony, and those making British Colony in Malaya and Southeast Asia become one of crown jewel of the British Empire, Later During the Opium Wars, Britains increased holdings in Asia lead to them taking an islands in Malay Archipelago.

World Wars
The First World War did not affect East Indies directly, aside from a naval skirmish between the renegade German cruiser SMS Emden and the Russian cruiser Zhemchug off the coast of George Town, in what became known as the Battle of Penang. Thee Second World War however consumed the country. Japan invaded East Indies in 1941, as part of the coordinated attack that started at Pearl Harbor. whole British East Indies were under Japanese occupation from 1942 until 1945. Japan rewarded Siam for its co-operation during this period by giving it the state of Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu. The rest of British East Indies admistrated by the Japanese. After Japan's surrender at the end of the Second World War, British East Indies were placed under British Military Administration and the British East Indies gain some part of South Thailand after peace treaty signed after the world war 2.

Politics and government
Nusantara is a unitary state under the constitutional monarchy. The Nusantara Constitution, adopted in 1946,few years after Nusantara Federation declared as independent state,is a legal framework governing the rulings of kings, rulers, legislators and bicameral councils. The King maintained the executive and legislative powers of the government and parliament.The head of state is Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commonly referred to as the King. The King is elected to a 3 years.The king exercises his powers through the government that he appoints for a four-year term, which is responsible before the parliament that is made up of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judiciary is independent according to the constitution The Prime Minister of Nusantara (Malay: Perdana Menteri Nusantara) is the head of government and the highest political office in Nusantara. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints Prime Minister as a Member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. The Prime Minister chairs the Cabinet of Nusantara, the de facto executive branch of government.

Administration of States
Nusantara is a federal country with 43 states and three Federal Territories, two the federal territory is located on the Malay Peninsula while one federal territories are located on the island of Borneo.The 33 Malay states are led by a King as the head of state accompanied by an executive Chief Minister as the head of a politically responsible government. The Kings of Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor,Jambi, Palembang, Banten, Langkat, Deli, Asahan, Yongyarkarta, Surakarta, Pontianak, Banjar, Bulungan, Brunei, Kutai, Sulu, Maguindanao, Luwu, Gowa, Tidore, Ternate and Terengganu,Sumbawa, Landak and Bima titled Sultan. Negeri Sembilan and Pagaruyung holds the sole title of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar, while the Perlis King is only hold the title of "Raja"(King), while the king of Pakualam and King of Mangkunagara hold the title of Sunan. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong as the head of the federal state was elected (actually circled) among the kings for 3 years. States that have no sultan or king, Malacca, Maynilla, singgora,, West Papua, East Papua, Ghairibi,Timor,Champa,Garuda Island,Siak,Patani,Aceh,Riau Lingga and Keeling island. each are headed by a Governor in the name of federal appointment, the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, accompanied by the Chief Minister as the head of government executive.Every state has an ekadewan legislative state, namely the State Legislative Assembly (DUN). State Assembly members are drawn from the constituency's constituency members. Chief Minister appoints the Head of State usually a majority of state-level party leaders. One term in the State Assembly is five years, but the rally was initially disbanded by the head of state on the advice of the Chief Minister. Generally, the DUN was dissolved in conjunction with the dissolution of the federal parliament, so that state elections were held simultaneously with parliamentary elections. However, the head of state holds the discretionary power to dissolve the DUN.Each state sent two representatives to the National Assembly, the federal parliamentary parliamentary council.As a federal state, Nusantara governance work is distributed between federal and state governments. Certain responsibilities of federal and state governments are listed in the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of the Archipelago. In theory, any description not specified in the Ninth Schedule can be legislated at state level. However, law experts liken this to a so-called "pauper's bequest" scope of so extensive in the Ninth Schedule. The court generally prioritizes the broad interpretation of the contents of the Ninth Schedule, thus reducing the number of things that may not have been covered. The Ninth Schedule clearly lists the following which may be enacted by state law: land holdings, Islamic religion and local government.The Nusantara Parliament is permitted to enact land laws, Islamic religions and local governments to ensure uniformity of laws between all states, or at the request of the State Assembly. The law in question must also be approved by the State Legislative Assembly, except for a description of certain land laws. Non-Muslims on the scope of the state can also be drafted at the level of the convention for the purpose of complying with the constitution.

Economy
Nusantara operates a sophisticated market economy, which has so far discussed extensive trade trade. In addition to Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, Nusantara is one of the Four Tiger Tigers. The economy relies heavily on exports and distillation of imported goods, particularly in manufacturing, which constitutes 26% of Nusantara's GDP in 2005, but is not forgotten as well as major contributions from the electronics sector, petroleum mills, chemicals, mechanical engineering and bio-sciences medicine. In 2006, Nusantara produced about 10% of the world wafer products. Nusantara is also fortunate to have one of the world's busiest ports and the world's fourth largest foreign exchange trading hub, behind London, New York and Tokyo. Nusantara is rated by the World Bank as a major logistics hub in the world. Nusantara is ranked among the ten most open, competitive, and innovative economies in the world. Expected to be the most business-friendly economy in the world, Nusantara welcomes hundreds of overseas expatriates working in multinational corporations, and employing hundreds more foreign workers. Production of crude oil and natural gas part of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nusantara. Big enough income from overseas investments increases income from domestic production.

Culture
Nusantara has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. Substantial influence exists from Chinese and Indian culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the Persian, Arabic, and European cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the social contract theory, there has been minimal cultural assimilation of ethnic minorities.

In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Nusantara culture. It stated that Nusantaran culture must be based on the culture of the  peoples of Nusantara, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it. It also promoted the Malay language above others. This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.

Fine arts
Traditional Nusantaran art was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing. Traditional art ranges from handwoven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. Common artworks included ornamental kris, beetle nut sets, and woven batik and songket fabrics. Indigenous East Nusantarans are known for their wooden masks.Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India.

Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the Kelantan-Pattani region with influences from India, China and Thailand. The music is based around percussion instruments,the most importan which is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication. In East Nusantara, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung andwhich is the gendang (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums. Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest. It was once used as a form of long-distance communication. In East Nusantara, gong-based musical ensembles such as agung and kulintang are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings Nusantara has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today. Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam. The first Malay literature was in the Arabic script. The earliest known Malay writing is on the Terengganu stone, made in 1303. Chinese and Indian literature became common as the numbers of speakers increased in Nusantara, and locally produced works based in languages from those areas began to be produced in the 19th century.English has also become a common literary language. In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature of different languages. Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Nusantara", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature".Malay poetry is highly developed, and uses many forms. The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages.

Cuisine
Nusantaran cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding regions have greatly influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese and Indian cultures, largely due to the country being part of the ancient spice route.The different states have varied dishes, and often the food in Nusantara is different from the original dishes.

Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Nusantara often serve Malay dishes. Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using styles taken from another culture, For example, sambal belacan (shrimp paste) are commonly used as ingredients by Chinese restaurants to the stir fried water spinach (kangkung belacan). This means that although much of Nusantaran food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity. Rice is popular in many dishes. Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy. Nusantara cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Nusantara and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population. The vast majority of Nusantara's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians. The remainder consists of the peoples of Kalimantan in East Nusantara, the people in Malaya peninsula, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates. As a result of historical migrations, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Nusantara's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, and Indian, with heavy to light influences from Thai and European cuis name a few. This resulted in a symphony of flavours, making Nusanraran cuisine highly complex and diverse.Because Peninsular of Malaya shares a common history with Sumatra, it is common to find versions of the same dish across both sides of the border regardless of place of origin, such as laksa and chicken rice. Also because of their proximity, historicines, to migrations and close ethnic and cultural kinship, Nusantara shares culinary ties with other Nusantaran province, as both provinces often share certain dishes, such as satay, rendang and sambal.Some popular dishes such as nasi goreng, gado-gado, sate, and soto are very common in the country and considered as national dishes. The Ministry of Tourism, however, chose tumpeng as the official national dish in 2014, describing it as binding the diversity of various culinary traditions. Another popular dishes include rendang, one of the many Padang cuisines along with dendeng and gulai. In 2017, rendang was chosen as the "World's Most Delicious Food" by the CNN Travel reader's choice.Another fermented food is oncom, similar in some ways to tempeh but uses a variety of bases (not only soy), created by a different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java.